Jonathan Bain
Technology, Culture and Society
Polytechnic School of Engineering, New York University

HI-UY 3244 History of Light
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Prof:  Jonathan Bain T/Th 8:30-10:20am
Office:  LC124             
Room:  RH302
Off. hr:  W 1-2pm  phone:  260-3688

I.  Description
What is the nature of light?  And how does it relate to magnets, electric circuits, TVs, radioactivity, and the fundamental forces of nature?  More importantly, what really happens to your burrito when you microwave it?  This course answers these and similar questions by following the historical development of three apparently distinct and unrelated phenomena – electricity, magnetism, and light – from early 19th century theories, to their unification under a single phenomena by Maxwell, and beyond to Einstein's theory of special relativity, and their incorporation into the Standard Model of contemporary physics.

II.  Required Reading
A.  At Bookstore:
1. [Bu] Buchwald, J. (1989) The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light, University of Chicago Press.
2.
[H] Hunt, B. (2005) The Maxwellians, Cornell University Press

B.  Online:
1.
[Br] Brush, S. (2007) "How ideas became knowledge:  The light-quantum hypothesis 1905-1935", Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, 37:  205-246.
2.
[D06] Darrigol, O. (2006) "The Genesis of the Theory of Relativity", in Damour, T., O. Darrigol, B. Duplantier, V. Rivasseau (eds.) Einstein, 1905-2005:  Poincare Seminar 2005, Birkhauser:  1-31.
3.
[D00] Darrigol, O. (2003) Electrodynamics from Ampere to Einstein, Oxford Univ. Press (excerpts:  Chaps 1, 3).
4.
[D86] Darrigol, O. (1986) "The Origin of Quantized Matter Waves", Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 16:  19-24.
5.
[K] Kragh, H. (1981) "The Genesis of Dirac's Relativistic Theory of Electrons", Archive for History of Exact Sciences 24:  31-67.
6.
[Sch] Schweber, S. (2002) "Quantum Field Theory:  From QED to the Standard Model" in Nye, M. (ed.) The Cambridge History of Science, Volume 5, Cambridge University Press:  375-392.
7.
[Se] Suman, S. (2004) "Quantum theory and the electromagnetic world-view", Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 35:  67-93.


III. Requirements
1. Two papers of 5-7 pages.  Suggested topics are provided at least 2 weeks before their due dates.
(a)
Papers must conform to writing guidelines that will be handed out with the first set of suggested topics .
(b)
Late paper policy:  Late papers will be accepted but will be given an initial penalty of a third of a grade point, and a further penalty of a third of a grade point for every period of 4 days after the due date.  Example:  An A paper turned in one day late will receive an A-; an A paper turned in 4 days late will receive a B+; an A paper turned in 8 days late will receive a B; etcLate papers will not be accepted after the date of the final.

2. Seven quizzes will be given at the beginning  of class on the dates listed below.  These will consist of 3 or 4 questions from the study guide questions.  You will have 15 minutes to complete them.  The best 6 out of 7 quizzes will count towards your total quiz grade.
3. One midterm and one final will be given.  These will consist of short answer questions and short essay questions.  The midterm will be 1hr 20min, while the final will be 3hr.  Both will be closed-notes/closed-text/smart-phones off.  Please be aware that rest-room breaks are prohibited during examinations.

IV.  Grade Distribution
Quizzes:  20% total    Papers:  2@20% = 40% total
Midterm:  20% Final: 20%

V.  Reminders on University Policies
1. Incompletes.  It is university and HuSS departmental policy that incompletes can be given only in very extenuating circumstances (medical emergencies, etc.).  In particular, an incomplete cannot be given because of a heavy course load, job commitments, or because you've simply fallen behind in the course.  For this reason, you should attend every lecture and make sure you're aware of assignment deadlines and exam dates.  If for whatever reason you find yourself falling behind during the semester, do not hesitate to see the instructor as soon as possible.
2.
University Honor System.  All students should be aware of the university policy on cheating and plagiarism.  Cheating on an exam, or plagiarizing on an essay assignment, are sufficient reasons for receiving an F in the course.

VI.  Schedule
The following schedule may be subject to revision over the course of the semester.  Unless otherwise specified, reading assignments must be completed by the date on which they appear.
1 Tues 9/2.  Introduction.  Malus and Polarization.
[Bu] Chaps 1-2.
Thurs 9/4.  Malus and Polarization, cont.
2 9/9.  Arago and Biot.
[Bu] Chaps 3-4.
9/11.  Arago and Biot, cont.
Quiz 1.
3 9/16.  Fresnel's Ray Theory of Diffraction.
[Bu] Chap 5.
9/18.  Huygens' Principle.
[Bu] Chap 6.
4 9/23.  The Wave Theory.
[Bu] Chaps 7-9.
9/25.  Fresnel's Unification.
[Bu] Chaps 10-12.  Quiz 2.
5 9/30.  Ampere and Faraday
[D00] Chap 1, pp. 1-41.  Paper 1 due.
10/2.  Fields and Lines of Force.
[D00] Chap 3., pp. 77-136.
6 10/7.  Maxwell.
[D00] Chap 4., pp. 137-176.
10/9.  Maxwell, cont.
Quiz 3.
7 10/14.
NO CLASS (Fall Recess)
.
10/18
MIDTERM
.
8 10/21.  Fitzgerald and Lodge. 
[H] Chaps 1 & 2.
10/23.  Heaviside, Ether Models.
[H] Chaps 3 & 4.  Quiz 4.
9 10/28.  Mawell's Equations and EM Waves.
[H] Chaps 5 & 6.
10/30.  The Maxwellian Heyday.
[H] Chaps 7 & 8.
10 11/4The Advent of the Electron.
[H] Chap 9 & Epilogue.
11/6.  Electrodynamics and Special Relativity.
[D06]Quiz 5.
11 11/11.  Electrodynamics and Special Relativity, cont.
11/13.  Quantum Theory and the Electromagnetic World-View.
[Se].
12 11/18.  The Light-Quantum Hypothesis.
[Br] pp. 205-219.
11/20.  The Light-Quantum Hypothesis, cont.
[Br] pp. 219-245.  Quiz 6.
13 11/25.  Dirac's Electron Theory.
[K] pp. 32-44.   Paper 2 due.
11/27.
NO CLASS (Thanskgiving Recess).
14 12/2Dirac's Electron Theory, cont.
[K] pp. 44-67.
12/4.  Quantized Matter Waves.
[D86], pp. 197-225.  Quiz 7.
15 12/9.  Quantized Matter Waves, cont.
[D86], pp. 225-253.
12/11.  From QED to the Standard Model.
[Sch].
16
FINAL (Date to be announced by Registrar)